Biobased Anti-Adhesive Marine Coatings from Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Polysaccharides

Due to environmental regulations, antifouling marine coatings must be gradually replaced by biocide-free coatings. Marine organisms weakly adhere fouling release coatings, presenting a low surface free energy and high elasticity, so they can readily removed the sheer force of water. Currently, these materials are mainly composed petrochemical polymers, such as silicone or fluoropolymers, with hydrophilic polymers additives. However, following ever-increasing concerns, research on new, alternative, eco-friendly is oriented towards use biobased from renewable resources. Two main families have been studied: polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) polysaccharides. PHAs produced bacteria in stressful conditions, while polysaccharides extracted plants, animals, micro-organisms bacteria, which case called exopolysaccharides (EPS). Since non-toxic approach controlling colonization, this review provides an overview for their applications new anti-adhesive